
When I found out that The Morgan Library is opening its doors for
The Hours of Catherine Cleves, I knew the manuscript sounded familiar so I shuffled to my less than veritable home library to check out my collection. There it was lying on the shelf, a small book which I purchased in the early '80's and provides as close a glance into the original hand painted illuminated manuscript. You can't imagine how ecstatic I was, as I now would have the opportunity to view the original
"greatest Dutch illuminated manuscript in the world" in person.
The Morgan Library and Museum elegantly displayed the pages of the stunning medieval book of Hours created in the 15th century for Catherine of Cleves, duchess of Guelders, a wealthy but politically ambitious woman of serious marital problems. The Hours was commissioned for Catherine as a wedding gift from her husband Arnold, duke of Guelders, and was painted by an artist known as the Master of Catherine of Cleves.
Illumination is an art of important tradition. The Book of Hours was a devotional book popular in the Middle Ages. Each manuscript is unique in one form or another, but most contain a collection of prayers, psalms, and text often with appropriate decorations for Christian devotion. Those made for the wealthy patrons may be extremely lavish, richly decorated and painted in gold.
These devotional miniatures are a gem. The detailed borders in
The Hours of Catherine of Cleves are charming. Among them are stylized leaves, flowers, peas, birdcages, animals, garlands of mussels and crabs and each closely relate to the subject of the page. It is such a unique creation. Nothing quite like it that I've seen before.
The demons are frightening as they depict visions of the gates of Hell. Saint Cecilia was pictured in her aristocratic sport of falconry a symbolism luring the faithful with music and using hawks and falcons for the borders. She is the patron saint of music. Saint Bartholomew represents secular baking, the gilded plates are bordered with biscuits and pretzels. Who would know they already had pretzels in those days.
Saint Lawrence is shown with the grill of his martyrdom, and the alms purse attribute as patron saint of the poor. The delightful border shows fresh fish, which are ready for grilling, and the big fish eating the little fish, representing the rich devouring the poor.
The Master of Cleves conveyed irony and humor in the detailing of each of more than 160 plates. It's as if they were painted to enact pious dramas of the lives of saints and in a playful way. The trove of the workings of the great Dutch masters are not only in their paintings and tapestries but are also in these gilded illuminated manuscripts. It goes way beyond basics. It is marvelous.
There was a lot of silence in the gallery, except for an occasional question from a grade school kid to his art teacher. I enjoyed getting lost in the collection.
The J P Morgan private study is equally deserving of admiration. The room housed Mr Morgan's personal library and art collection. The Museum boasts a collection of first editions of Copernicus and Galileo, three well-preserved copies of the Gutenberg bible, the first substantial book printed from movable type in the West. More than 14,000 books are in his library. The walls of the study are covered with red silk fabric, the rooms filled with Flemish art tapestry, paintings and sculptures of the great masters and thousands of precious manuscripts. One set currently on exhibit are the Letters of J D Salinger, letters to his friend Michael Mitchell who designed the jacket for Catcher In The Rye.
In the same private office, Mr Morgan conducted business, and history as our guide one important event took place in October 1907. A financial panic occurred as a result of unregulated business, a quick reminder of current day affairs. He gathered his Wall Street cronies in this room and put together a bailout package to try to stabilize the economy. The crisis was resolved and he was considered the savior of the Panic of 1907!
Thank you, Mr Morgan. Your exhibition does what the Morgan Library and Museum does best and that is increase my admiration for the arts, particularly that of illumination. The Hours of Catherine of Cleves is now on top of my list. A book to keep in the night stand, skim a page each night and enjoy the arts as I recite my prayers.